经输血传播HIV的流行因素分析
刘淑贞
摘要(Abstract)：
<正>自1982年发现首例与输血有关的艾滋病（TA-AIDS）病例以来[1],不同国家和地区经输血传播HIV的流行趋势呈现出很大的差异,很多学者对其流行因素进行了深入的研究,以探讨其流行规律,为实施有效的干预策略提供基线资料。研究表明,经血源传播HIV与以下几个方面密切相关。1 国家的经济状况 世界经济发展的不平衡、南北差距的加大,使得经输血传播HIV在发达国家和发展中国家出现了截然不同的流行趋势。欧美等发达国家由于具有足够的经济保障,针对献血员的一系列综合筛检策略得以有效地实施,供血系统得到严格管理,HIV经输血传播的危险已从80年代的较高水平降至近年的1/440 000～1/600 000以下[2],献血员中的HIV感染率也降至 0.01％以下。而在很多发展中国家,贫
关键词(KeyWords)：
基金项目(Foundation):
作者(Author): 刘淑贞
参考文献(References)：
- 1 Possible transfusion - associated acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) - California. MMWR Moth Mortal Wkly Rep, 1982, 31: 652-654
- 2 Lackritz EM. Prevention of HIV transmission by blood transfusion in the developing world: achievements andcontinuing challenges. AIDS, 1998, 12 (suppl A): 81-86
- 3 Nitita I, et al. Risk of transfusion- associated HIV transmission in Kinshasa, Zaire. AIDS, 1991, 5: 437-439
- 4 Senge JN, Naygeie N. Lessens learned on trends in HIV/AIDS sentinel surveillance in Tanzannia. relying on constantly submitted data. 12Th World AIDS Conference, Geneva, 1998
- 5 Christopher Anderson. AIDS scandal indicts French government blood test delayed to help French industry decision was made at the highest levels. Nature, 1991, 353: 197
- 6 Leitman SF. Clinical implications of positive tests for antibodies toHIV in asymptomatic Wood donors. N Engl J of Med, 1989, 321: 917-924
- 7 Julian B. Prevalence of HTLV - III antibody in American Blood Donors. N Engl J of Med, 1985, 313: 384-385
- 8 Sawanpanyalert P. Donation deferral criteria for HIV positivity among blood donors in northern Thailand. Transfusion, 1996, 36: 242 -249
- 9 Petersen LR Doll IS, White R, et al. Helerosexually acquired HIV infected and the United States blood supply: consideration for screening of potential blood donors. Transfusion, 1993, 33:552 - 357
- 10 Petersen LR, Satten GA, Dodd R, et al. HIV - 1 infected blood donors: epidemiology, laboratory, and donation characteristics. Transfusion, 1991, 31: 698-703
- 11 Ward JW. The natural history of transfusion - associated infection with HIV: factors influencing the rate of progression to disease. N Engl J of Med, 1989, 321: 947-952
- 12 Michael P. Factors influencing HIV- 1 transmission by blood trsns-fusion. J Inf Dis, 1996, 124: 26-33